Here, the authors assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2 established screening instruments. Deze vragenlijst dient als hulpmiddel om te weten te komen hoe u zich voelt. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. Development and validation of arabic version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale article pdf available in saudi journal of gastroenterology 115. Bgp article hospital anxiety and depression had scale. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and the 9. Often, these studies report results from a small range of cutoff thresholds. The questions relating to anxiety are marked a, and to depression d.
The hads is a fourteen item scale that generates ordinal data. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. This is a self screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads eniryz. Pdf portuguese hospital anxiety and depression scale. Mood and anxiety symptoms questionnaire short form, and hospital anxiety and depression scale, personality traits dimensional assessment of personality pathology short form, and qol multidimensional fatigue inventory, short form 36, euroqol5d, nottingham health pro. Statement did not apply to me at all applied to me to some degree or some of the time applied to me a considerable degree or a good part of the time applied to me very. Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety.
Pdf evaluation of the chinese version of the hospital. They should give an immediate response and be dissuaded from thinking too long about their answers. The hospital anxiety and depression had scale developed by zigmond and snaith 6 for the screening of psychological problems is short and simple, and has been found to be valid in the general practice setting 7. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hulpgids. The patient should be instructed not to take too long over their replies. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Validity of the beck depression inventory, hospital anxiety and depression scale, scl90, and hamilton depression rating scale as screening instruments for depression in stroke patients. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more.
Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. One of the most widely used measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms in general medical settings, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 912, is also used commonly in critical illness survivors 2,57,12. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads description. The purpose of the study was to compare the had with the beck depression inventory bdi and spielbergers state trait anxiety inventory stai. A study was carried out in a general practice in hong kong to find out if the hospital anxiety and depression had scale could be used to detect psychological problems in chinese elderly.
Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. The visual analog scale score was moderately correlated to fev 1 r 0. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. The prevalence of joint contractures, pressure sores.
Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet grading. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of suffering in the setting of medical practice. The hads was developed to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool for identifying and quantifying depression and anxiety. The range of score one can obtain from each scale is between 0 and 21. Read each item and circle the reply which comes closest to. The stroke aphasic depression questionnaire 17 was used as a proxy for identifying depressed mood in patients who were unable to complete hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with multiple sclerosis jose luis paisribeiro,1,2 ana martins da silva,3,4 estela. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been extensively used to evaluate these psychiatric comorbidities in various clinical settings at all levels of health care services except for. It is easy to score and to administer skip to main content. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. The had scale is a wellvalidated and reliable measure of anxiety and depression originating in the united kingdom. Dahlb, tone tangen haugc, dag neckelmannd adepartment of public health and primary health care, section for preventive medicine, haukeland hospital. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads stroke engine. In an effort to improve the detection of depression, many palliative care teams are using the hospital anxiety and depression had scale as a screening tool. Hospital anxiety and depression scale anxiety subscale. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springer. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. It should be emphasised that selfassessment scales are only valid for screening purposes. The scale is a 4point likert type and each item is scored between 0 and 3. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Depression is difficult to diagnose in the terminally ill patient. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. It has been acknowledged that the chinese version of the hads had. To conduct a psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and to evaluate associations of 2 measures of psychological distress with the hads anxiety hadsa and hads depression hadsd subscales in acute lung injury ali survivors. Regarding the analysis of age on the anxiety and depression subscales, age groups were classified as follows. Hads is a 14item selfreport screening scale that was originally developed to indicate the possible presence of anxiety and depression states in the setting of a medical nonpsychiatric.
The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder. Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. The effect of psychosocial risk factors on postpartum. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was administered to 50 1665 yr old medical patients and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. The hama was one of the first rating scales developed to measure the severity of anxiety symptoms, and is still widely used today in both clinical and research settings. Hamilton anxiety rating scale hama university of florida. Perception of asthma symptoms as assessed on the visual. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression.
Pdf reliability testing of the hospital anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief selfreporting twodimensional questionnaire developed to screen for levels of anxiety and depression among patients in a general hospital setting. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. The instruments studied most widely in a variety of contexts are the general health questionnaire ghq and the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. A secondary aim was to examine the factor structure of the had. The authenticity of the chinese translation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale had was tested in a sample of medical students. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. The study was approved by the research ethics commission of huoshenshan hospital. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfadministered measure used to screen for the presence of depression and anxiety. The stroke aphasic depression questionnaire is a 10item questionnaire completed on behalf of the patients by their principal caregiver. Pdf development and validation of arabic version of the. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population volume 179 issue 6 arnstein mykletun, eystein stordal, alv a. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads patients are asked to choose one response from the four given for each interview. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Asthma symptoms in the prior month were reported by 59% of subjects. This has can have an adverse effect on quality of life and make the palliation of physical symptoms more difficult. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. Pdf can the hospital anxiety and depression had scale. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the. Anxiety and depression were evaluated on the hospital anxiety and depression scale questionnaire.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. Most physicians are aware of this aspect of the illness of their patients but many feel incompetent to provide the patient with reliable information. Background the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a common screening tool designed to measure the level of anxiety and depression in different factor structures and has been. It is a brief questionnaire containing 14 items, and was originally designed to detect emotional disturbances in nonpsychiatric patients treated at hospital clinics. The hospital anxiety and depression scale had was evaluated in a swedish population sample. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care medical practice. It is one of two instruments with an anxiety specific scale that has had its measurement properties evaluated. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. The scale consists of 14 items, each defined by a series of symptoms, and measures both psychic anxiety mental agitation and psychological distress and somatic anxiety.
Many existing hadsd studies have used exploratory methods to select optimal cutoffs. Introduction the depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd has been recommended for depression screening in medically ill patients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. Reliability testing of the hospital anxiety and depression had scale in the english, maltese and backtranslation versions. Hospital anxiety and depression scale patientreported. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. The chinese version demonstrated good agreement with the. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Prevalence and factors associated with depression and.
An analysis of the validity of the hospital anxiety and. Review the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 for each statement below, please circle the number in the column that best represents how you have been feeling in the last week. Rmenesesetal2007portuguese hospital anxiety and depression scale hads usefulness in focal epilepsy. Aug 01, 2003 construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Frontiers symptoms of anxiety and depression in young. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads it was developed to detect the risk of anxiety and depression in the patient and to measure the change in the severity of anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses.
Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Between august 2015 and september 2016, 326 young athletes aged meansd 14. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical popul we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The hospital anxiety and depression scale wiley online library. Ivtr and inclusion criteria required the absence of any psychotic or organic psychiatric disorder. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research.